What is the effects of tourism in human's life
This research proposal critically evaluates the topic, ‘Impact of Tourism on the Environment with the Case Study of Australian Tourism’. More precisely, this can be mentioned that this study would identify the positive as well as negative effects of tourism using the case study of Australia. This is a relevant as well as contemporary topic, and therefore it has been chosen by the researchers of this study. It has been found from the various literature that the tourism industry of Australia has been facing several challenges due to the change in climate. According to the literature of Vanhove(2017), this tourism industry can be considered as one of the significant components of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Australia. It has contributed about A$47.5 billion to the economy which is equivalent to 3% of the entire GDP of Australia in the year 2015 (Tourism.australia.com 2018). The significant tourist destinations of Australia are Sydney opera house, Great Barrier Reef, Sydney Harbor Bridge, blue mountain national park, Bondi beach, Fraser Island and so on. Every year, many tourists come to Australia and visit all those spots, but at the same time, there is an adverse impact on the environment due to the tourism business. Therefore, this paper tries to investigate all those reasons which are responsible for environmental degradation in Australia. Besides that, on the basis of the entire discussion, this study would also present valuable recommendations for the improvement of the environmental conditions.
This section of the research proposal would present the significance of the research which would be conducted by this paper. Besides that, as discussed by McLennan et al. (2017), climate change is the most significant issue which is faced by the tourism industry of Australia. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has described this tourism industry as both vectors well as the victim of this climate change. Moreover, in this recent period, the demands of the consumers also have changed which has a significant impact on this tourism business (Holden 2016). Thus, this research would help the tourism industries as well as the tourists in identifying the adverse effects of tourism so that they can implement appropriate strategies for mitigating this. Besides that, an overall evaluation of the environment incorporating the water, fauna, and flora as well as air quality would be executed by this study. Moreover, this research paper is distinct from the previous researches which have been conducted in this area, and this paper also tries to mitigate the literature gap. The previous articles were mainly based on the negative impacts of tourism on the environments and their possible solutions. This study would describe both the positive as well as negative impacts of Australian tourism at the same time. Besides that, this research paper would also focus on sustainable tourism and describe how to promote this in the Australian tourism sector. From all these discussions, this can be mentioned that this research is very much significant for the Australian tourism industry.
Problem Statement and Objectives
This section of the study describes the main problem statement which would be addressed by this research proposal. It is to identify the vital reasons behind the environmental degradation of Australia which are caused mainly by the tourism industry. From this problem statement, this research paper has identified some research objectives which are going to be discussed here.
i) To examine the positive as well as negative impacts of tourism on the environment with the reference of Australian Tourism
ii) To explore the possible reasons behind the climate change as well as environmental pollution in Australia.
iii) To promote sustainable tourism in Australia which would have a minimum impact on the environment?
iv) To recommend other possible strategies for the tourism industry of Australia in order to mitigate environmental degradation.
This part of the research proposal would assess the scope of this research based on the geographical, demographic as well as temporal factors. This research would consider the significant tourist's spots in Australia because these areas remain congested all over the year. On the other hand, this study would evaluate all the previous research works on this subject as well as available data from the period 2013 onwards. For this purpose, this paper would use the secondary research which would be further explained in the literature review section of this study. Besides that, the demographic factor of this research paper would include the age, culture, religion, gender and other issues of the travelers who visit those tourist spots of Australia.
1. Introduction
This section of the research paper would discuss various articles which are relevant to the topic in order to build the theoretical frameworks of the study. Apart from that, this section would also describe the positive and negative effects of tourism in Australia. The next section would demonstrate sustainable tourism as well as identify the possible reasons for climate change and environmental pollution. Besides that, the conceptual framework would depict all the necessary variables as well as the linkage among those factors. The last part of this section would provide the research gap which has been faced by the researchers of this paper.
2. Tourism Industry of Australia
The tourism industry is one of the most significant businesses in Australia which has contributed around $47.5 billion in the last year (Tourism.australia.com 2018). Besides that, there have been more than 8.8 million tourists who have visited Australia this year (Tourism.australia.com 2018). The tourism business has been very popular due to various reasons such as favorable weather, natural wonders, fascinating lifestyle, cultural diversity, sea beaches, and adventure opportunities.
3. Positive Effects of Tourism
The positive effects of Australian tourism are expressed in this section of the literature review. According to the discussions of Mistiliset al. (2014), Austria earns a huge amount of foreign exchange from this tourism business. As a consequent, it is the main source of foreign earnings of this country which makes the economy more stable. Besides that, this business enhances the inbound visitor spending, purchase of more goods and services by them and income of the firms as well. As discussed by Charleeet al. (2016), this business creates job opportunities for many people through various hotels, resorts, and others. The revenue generated in this sector can also be used for improving the infrastructure and services of the destination by providing airports, road, fire protection and others (Li and Hunter 2015).
4. Negative Effects of Tourism
Apart from the positive effects, the tourism industry has some adverse effects also, especially on the environment. The larger number of tourists leads to the environmental disturbances, loss of environmental quality and changes in animal behavior as well. As discussed by Moyle et al. (2014), the excessive development of the tourism industry causes overcrowding, as well as congestion. Moreover, the recreational activities may cause a disturbance of wildlife such as breeding patterns and hibernation and also disturbance of flora due to extreme exploitation of roads and trails. The noise pollution and vehicles also create severe problems for wildlife, and insufficient waste disposal causes degradation of natural resources as well (Ruhanenet al. 2015). Apart from that, there are some additional negative impacts such as disruption of natural process and food chain, greenhouse gas emission, soil, and vegetable degradation as well (Forsythet al. 2014).
5. Sustainable Tourism
This section of the paper would define sustainable tourism which can be defined as the particular type of tourism having the minimum effect on the environment. The main objective of this sustainable tourism is to ensure the maximum possible benefits on the environment as well as on the tourism companies (Cheng and Wu 2015). In this process, there would be less adverse effects on the environment of Australia without deteriorating the profitability of the business. As per the discussion of McGinniset al. (2017), this fact is clear that there are three main pillars of sustainable tourism which are quality, continuity, and balance. According to the quality factor, the life of the host communities should be improved as well as the quality of the surroundings should be protected. As discussed by Lydon and Rizvi (2016), the requirements of the industry and that of the local community must be balanced. On the other hand, according to the continuity factor, the natural resources and the culture of the host community must be protected (Petkus 2015).
6. Research Gap
This section of the literature review presents the limitations of the study which are faced by their searchers. The first research gap is the scarcity of time because the whole research has to be executed within a shorter period. Besides that, the budget for this research paper was also limited for which some areas of the paper could not be properly investigated in a broader way. Due to the inadequate budget and time, some points of this paper could not be elaborated much which would be conducted in further studies.
This part of the literature review sums up all the significant points which have been discussed in the research paper. The main purpose of this paper is to identify whether the tourism industry of Australia is responsible for the environmental degradation of this country. In order to conduct the research, this study has used the previous literature which has been executed on this issue. Besides that, this paper hasalso identified sustainable tourism as a possible solution to this problem in Australia. In this sustainable tourism, the negative effects of the tourism business would be mitigated whereas the positive effects would be enhanced.
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