PHILOSOPHY OF PUNISHMENT

Part A:         

1. a. Greene and Cohen do not endorse the mind-body dualism. They have rejected the theory by stating that no scientific evidence is there in support of mind-body dualism.

b. Free will is related to all the physical matters which are subjected to cause and effect (Armstrong, 2018). The matter here is casually determined with. For instance, it can be said that when one ball in the pool table has been pushed, it is for sure that another ball also will take a move. On the other hand, according to mind and body dualism, it has been mentioned that the mind is completely related to the brain. It can be said that mind-body dualism is all about the mind and body together. It should be remembered that the mind is nothing else but a part of the body (Greene and Cohen). Therefore, how these two concepts can be segregated to each other. That is why Greene and Cohen have mentioned that they consider the problems of mind-body dualism close to the free will. It has further discussed that if no mental substance or physical substance is there, then everything of the human action should be considered under laws of physics.

2. While focusing on the living death conception, it must be mentioned that it does not make any sense of being aware of something. The person would start believing in insight. They should always be aware of something (Lisa Guenther). The key would recognize that what is the situation of the person. People usually want to come to an understanding of their concept by maintaining a relationship with others. Graves (2018) has commented that phenomenology can make the relation visible. It should be started to focus on as well as to draw attention to experiencing the whole world along with the other things in the world.

On the other hand, while focusing on the solitary confinement, now it can be said that it is a condition that reveals extreme isolation from other surrounding people. A thin relationship can be found between living death and solitary confinement. Living death believes that something which is being started it means it is to die as well. Thus Lisa Guenther insists that solitary confinement should be considered as a living death. Therefore, both of them have a depressive side. It can be said that the solitary confinement would deprive the inmates of phenomena and other people in this world. Specifically, it deprives the critical challenge of others as well as support to others.

3. Shame has focused on an emotional side of human being that is the shame. It is known as Shame Punishment. This emotional factor can make people aware of failing. Thus, on the other hand, it can be said that it would ultimately lead the self-improvements (Martha Nussbaum). It should be agreed that shame is one of the most important parts of a human's life. It is basically can be considered as a part of being human. If a person suddenly starts feeling shame due to his/ her failure, then it is expected that he/ she will win it in the future. No one should pretend that all the shame is negative.

It is ridiculous to think that the feeling of shame is mostly referred to as a negative approach. When people use the quote that “shame on you” it reflects an insult and an underestimation for the person (Cherry et al. 2017). However, it is not true all the time. As it has been mentioned earlier that shame can be considered as an emotional feeling as well. If considering the negative approach, it should be mentioned that excessive guilty results a shameful feeling. However, this situation can be considered from a positive aspect as well. If a person feels so much guilty, then it is expected that he/ she would not repeat the wrong deed.

According to the concept of free will, if a person believes in his/ her way, therefore it is expected that something should be chosen by the person. It would help him/ her to do something and to achieve success. Other than that, if the person may choose something else, then it should not be determined. It cannot be said earlier than what would be a result of it.

Part B:

The first quote:

The reciprocity which can be seen in between the consciousnesses of human being includes some aims like it wants to force the abominator for recognizing the earlier denied freedom. Other than that, it focuses on human existence too. Hence, the behavior says that the affirmation of reciprocity of inter-human can be related to the metaphysical base of an idea (Gasparski, 2018). This is obviously a complicated claim. In the contradiction of the most famous idea of justice can be considered as the specific requirement. On the other hand, behavior can be claimed as the demand of social nature.

Two most vital consequences are there. Other than that, behavior cannot draw the fact out here. First of all, it implies the existence of a human being. It should be considered as something that has been given. Rather it must be considered through the affirmation. Other than that, while focusing on the second consequence, it must mention that the reaffirmation can be considered as the reciprocity, then that should be in aspect to the metaphysical needs. These needs refer to affirm the human being to meet the needs of them.

The Second Quote:

A good father should be considered as a faithful friend who can influence for saving human life. The meaning of the chosen statement should be cruel as the weakness that one blames the person for the past. It has not existed anymore as an expression of freedom. On the other hand, if something should be fixed, then the guilty party may trail behind him (Thorp, 2017). It should be remembered that he is the person who has committed the crime. Now, this is needed to determine that is it justified to hate the person even after knowing everything about him.

It has been noticed that Christian charity is more sincere than others regarding pleading. Some people say that Christianity can be found in actual sin should be an excuse for other sins. According to Christian, the same corruption is there in the hearts of all men. Grace is the main factor that can allow people to recover it. However, it should be considered among any earthy judgment for knowing that which son and assistance have been sent by God to save the human being Other than that, it should again remember that only God has the power for punishing the people.